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E. Frasnetti ; P. Ravaglia ; D. D'Ammaro ; E. Capri ; L. Lamastra |Nowadays, there is a pressing demand for precise tools to quantify sustainability and assess the contributions of products and processes to sustainable development. This requirement extends to the wine industry as well. In 2013, the European Com[...]Article
C. Geppert ; M. da Cruz ; A. Alma ; L. Andretta ; G. Anfora ; D. Battaglia ; G. Burgio ; V. Caccavo ; S.G. Chiesa ; F. Cinquatti ; A. Cocco ; E. Costi ; I. D'Isita ; C. Duso ; A.P. Garonna ; G.S. Germinara ; P.L. Bue ; A. Lucchi ; L. Maistrello ; R. Mannu ; E. Marchesini ; A. Masetti ; L. Mazzon ; N. Mori ; G. Ortis ; E. Peri ; G. Pescara ; S.C. Prazaru ; G. Ragone ; I.E. Rigamonti ; M.C. Rosi ; G. Rotundo ; P. Sacchetti ; S. Savoldelli ; P. Suma ; G. Tamburini ; G.T. Garzia ; L. Marini |Context Worldwide, organic farming is being promoted as one of the main alternatives to intensive conventional farming. However, the benefits of organic agriculture are still controversial and need to be tested across wide environmental gradient[...]Article
The intensification of Mediterranean farming systems has adversely affected the environment. As a result, climate change, soil and land degradation, and biodiversity loss have been exacerbated. A potential solution for addressing these challenge[...]Article
The European Parliament has recently passed the Nature Recovery law to restore degraded ecosystems and prevent natural disasters as part of its Biodiversity Strategy 2030 and Green Deal. In this respect, wetlands can provide a wide range o[...]Article
The irrigation water requirements of different crops are becoming a pivotal driver for the governance strategies of water allocation and management. This paper estimates the impact of irrigation water requirements on economic value in terms of t[...]Article
In recent years, the primary sector in Italy and elsewhere has been profoundly affected by climate change and a deep economic crisis, mainly linked to stagnating prices and rising production costs. Because of this situation, we are witnessing re[...]Article
Notions of the rural as idyllic and redolent of a simpler and more rooted past have long been challenged in the rural studies literature. Recent research has renewed interest in social representations of the rural idyll, yet there remains little[...]Ouvrage
M. Stein, ed. ; M. Mariani, ed. ; R. Caranta, ed. ; Y. Polychronakis, ed. | New York [Etats-Unis] : Routledge | Routledge Studies in Food, Society ant the Environment | 2024The book examines sustainable food procurement policy and practice in the European Union and beyond, exploring the extent to which sustainability objectives have been achieved and evaluating the new developments taking place at both EU and natio[...]Article
A. Vastola ; M. Viccaro ; V. Grippo ; F. Genovese ; S. Romano ; M. Cozzi |The environmental Kuznets curve has received widespread attention from scholars for its ability to vividly capture the dynamics between economic growth and waste generation. The so-called waste Kuznets curve (KWC) has been used in different fiel[...]Article
S. Troiano ; M. Carzedda ; F. Marangon |Precision agriculture is expected to support and strengthen the sustainability of food production. In spite of the demonstrated benefits of the application of Information Technology to improve agricultural practices, such as yield increase and i[...]Article
D. Pasquel ; D. Cammarano ; S. Roux ; A. Castrignanò ; B. Tisseyre ; M. Rinaldi ; A. Troccoli ; J.A. Taylor |CONTEXT Most crop models are designed for point-based modeling and to simulate agronomic variables on their native spatial footprint, i.e. typically as a uniform field-scale value. Precision agriculture needs crop model simulations at sub-field [...]Article
G. Di Vita ; D. Spina ; R. De Cianni ; R. Carbone ; M. D'Amico ; R. Zanchini |The aim of the study has been to understand the stakeholders stance, with respect to the different stages of Porters value chain, to learn what activities could create the most value to the future competitiveness of the Italian aromatic sector[...]Article
The district approach has become increasingly important for the analysis and planning of local agro-food systems. In this paper, we analyse the role and potential of Italian food districts, spaces of governance where a plurality of actors share [...]Article
The agri-food sector is a key component of the Italian economy and the Made in Italy products are altogether the core of it with a strong export propensity. This paper analyses the recent export performance of the Made in Italy as a whole and at[...]Article
We analyse the theoretical tenets underpinning geographical indications (GIs) and seek to determine whether the number of producers engaged in them matters. To do so, we develop a qualitative methodology to focus on two small-scale cheese produc[...]Article
Within Circular Economy (CE) studies, the concept of Circular Supply Chains (CSCs) is still not mature, although it is expected to significantly develop in the next few years thanks to the growing interest of scholars, practitioners, and policym[...]Article
S. von Münchhausen ; J. Kirwan ; D. Maye ; M. Muñoz-Rojas ; T. Pinto-Correia ; P. Prosperi ; D. Vergamini |Globalization of food chains and scale increases in business models are dramatically affecting rural areas in Europe, by a simplification of land use, new urban-rural relations and reshaped social networks. While pressures on land use systems ha[...]Article
The financial and real crisis started in 2007-2008 has deeply transformed the way the Italian financial and capital market act. Italian SMEs need to be aware of the transformation not to be pushed out of the market itself and to take profit of t[...]Article
Agricultural firms are characterized by significant investments, both in fixed capital and in working capital. To finance investments, in addition to equity capital, access to credit becomes essential. Concerning this topic, various researches h[...]Article
A. Bertossi ; S. Troiano ; F. Marangon |The agribusiness sector needs substantial funding to initiate an ecological transition involving healthy diets and the creation of local circuits and linkages. One sector that has yet to be studied from this perspective is vending, whose importa[...]Article
A. Amato ; T. Castellotti ; G. Diglio ; M.A. D'Oronzio ; F. Gaudio ; M. Suanno |This paper assesses the efficiency of public agricultural expenditure in each Italian region through the analysis of regional budgets, both as a whole and in relation to specific agricultural policy measures. The degree of integration/complement[...]Article
This paper identifies, quantifies, and qualifies the streams and models of public expenditure in the agricultural sector for the 2010-2020 period, and attempts to respond to the main preliminary needs of interventions that benefit the agricultur[...]Article
This article discusses how climate changes are intersecting with other environmental and social pressures to affect farmers in the Lombardy region of the central Italian Alps. Alpine areas are particularly susceptible to climate change. Natural [...]Article
Climate change poses a major sustainability challenge, with potential far-reaching economic and social impacts, including fluctuations in agricultural yields and subsequent volatility in the availability and prices of essential food resources. I[...]Article
In the last two centuries, land-use change (LUC) has been the most important direct change driver for terrestrial ecosystems. In contrast with the consequent ecosystem degradation, forward-looking spatial policies and target landscape and land-u[...]Article
The cultivation of apples is one of the principal economic activities in Trentino, which is responsible for 25% of Italian apple production and 4% of European apple production. The industry is structurally based on migrant work, especially from [...]Article
M. Pergola ; A. Maffia ; G. Carlucci ; A. Persiani ; A.M. Palese ; M. Zaccardelli ; G. Altieri ; G. Celano |In the last two decades, Portugal suffered the effects of two global crises, the financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the Common Agriculture Policy reforms. These crises had a great impact on the Portuguese economy, but it is c[...]Article
F. Cirone ; M. Masotti ; P. Prosperi ; S. Bosi ; G. Dinelli ; M. Vittuari |Short food supply chains play a vital role in connecting local producers with consumers, promoting sustainability, supporting local economies, and providing access to fresh, high-quality products. However, their market is still underdeveloped du[...]Article
Sustainable intensification aims to minimize the negative impacts of the current agricultural system while maintaining productivity and economic outputs. This study demonstrates that contract farming is a potential mechanism to support many, but[...]Article
The Mediterranean diet (MD) concept has evolved in recent decades, moving from the perception of a healthy diet model to the awareness that it is also a sustainable food model. This dietary model, in fact, brings benefits in terms of nutrition, [...]Article
This paper looks for empirical support to the existence of a positive nexus between economic and environmental performance in farming as implied by the Sustainable Intensification hypothesis. As the ecological scale at which this nexus actually [...]Article
Short food supply chains (SFSCs) are advocated as strategies to improve the sustainability of the agro-food system. The recent literature claims that SFSCs are examples of social experimentation and innovation. By scaling up the positive element[...]Article
Achieving a coherent set of food-related policies is a challenge for policymakers worldwide, as food matters are addressed at more than one level of governance and across several policy domains. Policies in different domains can sustain each oth[...]Article
Over the last decades, urban agriculture (UA) and controlled environmental agriculture (CEA) have been growing in many urban areas of the world to supply fresh food locally and to provide multiple benefits for the sustainable development of urba[...]Article
Productivity is an always-hotly-debated issue within the EU agricultural policymaking, particularly concerning the effect of subsidies distributed via the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The cereal sector is under particular political scrutiny[...]Article
The present study addresses, for the first time, the difference between older and younger farmers (those aged over and under 40 years) and proposes a methodology to identify factors that affect generational renewal in the Italian agricultural se[...]Article
In the agri-food market, there is an increasing interest in local and traditional food products. In a context characterised by private labels and European Geographical Indications (GIs), the Italian Traditional Agri-food Product (TAP) denominati[...]Article
Capitalism in the theorizations of sustainability transformation has been largely taken for granted for its misleadingly assumed stability and homogeneity, thus limiting the scope for defining alternative futures, policy options and strategi[...]Article
M. Lanfredi ; R. Coluzzi ; V. Imbrenda ; B. Nosova ; M. Giacalone ; R. Turco ; M. Prokopovà ; L. Salvati |Forest management is a complex topic at the interface between sustainability and the resilience of socioeconomic and environmental systems. The influence of market forces, supranational, country and regional policies, as well as climate change, [...]Article
G. Rencricca ; F. Froldi ; M. Moschini ; M. Trevisan ; S. Ghnimi ; L. Lamastra |The environmental impact of dairy production is heavily influenced by milk farm efficiency, farm characteristics, and farming activities, such as feed management. The existing research on the environmental impacts of the differently managed dair[...]Bulletin : Revue
Etudes Corses et Méditerranéennes, n. 86-87 - Du foncier pour quoi faire ? Les enjeux fonciers contemporains de la montagne méditerranéenne
J.-C. Paoli, ed. ; G. Vianey, ed. ; S. Koutsou, ed. | 2023Issus des 56 présentations faites au cours du séminaire de Corte, 14 textes ont été réunis dans ce numéro, après évaluation par une équipe de relecteurs, pour la plupart extérieurs au groupe des organisateurs du colloque. Les textes portent tant[...]Article
A. Varacca ; L. Arata ; E. Castellari ; P. Sckokai |The Common Agricultural Policy reform 20132020 has conditioned 30 per cent of the direct payments to greening requirements. Our study investigates whether one of these requirements, the ecological focus area (EFA) obligation, has led to e[...]Article
S. De Leo ; A. Di Fonzo ; S. Giuca ; M. Gaito ; G. Bonati |The purpose of this paper is to provide an assessment of the economic convenience of adopting adaptation measures to climate change at farm level. Concerns raised about climate risks on agriculture indicate that adaptation of the agricultural se[...]Article
Many Member States and diverse stakeholders continue to present conservative positions in the CAP reform process to enhance environmental sustainability. During the last process of reform, the Italian Ministry of Agriculture favoured the mainten[...]Article
Rural regeneration is a transformative process that can be based on multiple possible pathways that are not always clearly distinct and that can be combined or co-exist. We argue that regeneration can be understood as a new framework for socio-n[...]Article
Ecosystems in rural areas play a crucial role in promoting human well-being and economic development by providing essential resources such as food, water, raw materials, and energy. Furthermore, rural ecosystems offer various services, such as r[...]Article
Nowadays, trends related to alternative promotion options for small farmers in changing agri-food supply chains stand out. Urban Agriculture (UA) is a multifaceted system ranging from traditional production, processing, distribution, and consump[...]Article
At a time when wars and pandemics have disrupted the world order and deeply damaged international agreements, more people are talking about the energy and food independence of the nation-states. It is clear that the achievement of these objectiv[...]Article
The globe artichoke represents one of the leading vegetables worldwide, accounting for a global production of 1.52 Mt in 2020, and Italy is ranked as the top producer with over 0.37 Mt. Under the environmental perspective, it is considered as a [...]Article
S. Predieri ; M. Cianciabella ; G.M. Daniele ; E. Gatti ; N. Lippi ; M. Magli ; C. Medoro ; F. Rossi ; C. Chieco |Understanding climate change awareness and its related risks is crucial to plan efficient climate-smart strategies. An online survey was conducted on Italian consumers with the aim to understand consumers inclination toward food products obtain[...]Article
G. Fusco ; F. Campobasso ; L. Laureti ; M. Frittelli ; D. Valente ; I. Petrosillo |Agriculture is a key activity in guarantying food security, one of the Sustainable Development Goals set by the UN Agenda 2030 for sustainable development. However, agriculture can be an environmental impacting activity when it is managed withou[...]Article
In the last decades, scholars from different disciplines have used the foodscape as a concept and an analytical framework to explore the intersection between landscape, people and food culture. Adopting a comparative case-study analysis, this ar[...]Article
L. Briamonte ; S. Vaccari ; F. Gaudio ; A. Amato ; P. Piatto ; C. Levoli |This paper provides an analysis of the trends and the main components of public support in agriculture in Italy over the last twenty years (2000-2019). For this analysis, the rich information contained in the CREA database "Agricultural expendit[...]Article
This paper investigates and analyses social farming in the Aosta Valley, a tiny Italian mountain region in the Alps. It aims to highlight the features of social farming in this region, focusing on the social mission and economic sustainability. [...]Article
The Income Stabilisation Tool (IST), which was recently added to the European Common Agricultural Policy's risk management toolkit, is a mutual fund that aims at stabilising farmers' income. We investigate the drivers of farmers' participation i[...]Article
M. De Rosa ; M. Masi ; L. Apostolico ; L. Bartoli ; M. Francescone |This paper deals with the role of geographical indications (GI) in the dairy sector of Italy, with the purpose of highlighting eventual negative dynamics in the adhesion to the GI by the potential operators of Italy. A negative adhesion to the G[...]Article
The new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the period 2023–2027 commits farmers towards achieving ambitious environmental objectives through farm organization and management. This European agricultural policy has adapted to the contempor[...]Article
CONTEXT Both long-term climate trend and interannual climate variability are projected to affect agricultural activities. Actually, major changes in climate patterns have already occurred, affecting crop yields and livestock productivity. OBJECT[...]Article
The new CAP implementation model requires each Member State to design a CAP Strategic Plan (CSP) to deliver operational actions under the two CAP pillars. Each CSP must be built from an evidence-based needs assessment that undergoes rigorous pri[...]Article
The release of the new Italian Agricultural Census shows many features in line with the previous decades and also some novelties, which shall be properly investigated in the upcoming future. The reduction in number of farms was largely announced[...]Article
S. Abbate ; P. Centobelli ; R. Cerchione ; G. Giardino ; R. Passaro |In recent years, sustainability concerns gained traction in the scientific literature on cleaner production, as well as in industry and application. In this regard, the circular economy (CE) is intended to contribute to the current ecological tr[...]Article
This study assesses inputs use efficiency of durum wheat farmers, subscribed under a common Agricultural Decision Support System (ADSS), especially designed by Barilla and HORTA for this cultivation. Data Envelopment Analysis was the main analys[...]Rapport, Expertise, Working Paper
Rainfall in the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula arrived too late to bring a beneficial effect on crops. Crop failures occurred in several important grain-producing regions of Spain, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. In other areas, crop growing co[...]Rapport, Expertise, Working Paper
The Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula are facing one of the worst seasonal droughts in recent decades. In comparison with the previous outlook, this resulted in a downward revision to well-below average expectations for the final production part[...]Article
M. Masotti ; S. van der Haar ; A. Janssen ; E. Iori ; G. Zeinstra ; H. Bos-Brouwers ; M. Vittuari |Since COVID-19 outbreak, States adopted different combinations of measures to restrain its spread that affected individual behaviors and the already fragile local and global food systems. The aim of this research is to contribute to the scientif[...]Thèse, Mémoire, Master
The European Commission defines Green Public Procurement (GPP) as a process whereby public authorities seek to procure goods, services and works with a reduced environmental impact throughout their life cycle when compared to goods, services an[...]Article
Nature-Based Farming Solutions (NBFS) are envisaged practices that still strongly demand further context-specific scientific validation for their viable deployment at the local scale. In this context, our study deals with the test of a multi-sca[...]Article
F. Antonioli ; S. Severini ; M. Vigani |This paper studies the impact of foreign labour on the competitiveness of Italian dairy farms relying on the theory of foreign labour in profit functions. Application of an endogenous switching regression model identifies the drivers of adoption[...]Rapport, Expertise, Working Paper
E. Lemaitre-Curri ; D. Gasc ; G. Manfron | Montpellier [France] : CIHEAM-IAMM | MED-Amin Bulletin | 2023The start into the 2023 cereal campaign was mainly influenced by dry conditions with uneven impacts across the Mediterranean region. In Northern and Eastern Mediterranean, despite relatively dry conditions in January and February 2023, crops are[...]Article
V. Vaglia ; J. Bacenetti ; F. Orlando ; S. Alali ; E. Bosso ; S. Bocchi |Rice cultivation has a key role in food security worldwide; on the other hand, it has a high potential impact on the environment and human health, mainly due to the extensive pesticides use and greenhouse gas emissions caused by flooded cultivat[...]Article
The GIAHS-FAO program enhances the agricultural systems coevolved with humans through their dynamic conservation to guarantee the livelihood of future generations. The aim of this research was to assess, with a dynamic perspective, the terraced [...]Article
The purpose of the study is to investigate and compare consumers food safety perceptions in three Mediterranean countries (Greece, Italy, and Spain). A survey was carried out based on a structured questionnaire focusing on food safety-related i[...]Article
Research on organic consumers preferences has been given a lot of attention in the past, analysing in detail the motives of organic food consumption across the World. Less attention has been paid to the expectations of consumers change in the c[...]Article
A. Saidi ; G. Sacchi ; C. Cavallo ; G. Cicia ; R. Di Monaco ; S. Puleo ; T. Del Giudice |Fish is an important source of healthy proteins and an important economic sector in Mediterranean countries. Despite the wealth of knowledge acquired in Western countries, a gap has been found in studies in developing countries, as in the Medite[...]Article
The European Union's Farm-to-Fork strategy, aiming at increasing the environmental sustainability of farming, is oriented to limit farm inputs that could harm the environment. This restrictive policy affects farmers' productive choices and econo[...]Article
C. Franceschinis ; R Scarpa ; L. Rossetto ; M. Thiene |We investigate consumers preferences towards local and organic food via a framed field experiment involving revealed multiple discretecontinuous choices. Participants were endowed with a cash amount as a budget to purchase any desired quantity[...]Article
G. Scozzafava ; C. Contini ; F. Gerini ; L. Casini |This study analyses the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food consumption at the end of the first lockdown in the New York State (USA) and in Italy (spring 2020). The results of our study show that important changes occurred in food habits in[...]Article
Although in recent years some credit institutions have shown a willingness to support agricultural entrepreneurs, there is still a lack of private financing or co-financing in the agricultural sector. Many farms, in fact, are not able to meet th[...]Article
F.A. Madau ; B. Arru ; R. Furesi ; P. Sau ; P. Pulina |Dairy sheep farming systems provide a great range of ecosystem services (ESs) and social services (SSs). These are Agro-pastoral Secondary Outputs (ASOs), the promotion of which can help the survival of the systems and the rural regions in which[...]Article
I. Bassi ; M. Carzedda ; E. Gori ; L. Iseppi |In 2012 the European Union adopted the Regulation No. 1151/2012, which, among others, defines the legal framework to protect the originality and authenticity of mountain foods through the Mountain Product quality scheme. The research aims to a[...]Article
Small farms are gaining space and importance within the agricultural policies implemented by the European Union, mainly for the role that they play for the preservation of the territory and for the economic development of local rural areas. Smal[...]Article
Geographical indications (GIs) represent a quality label attributed to those agri-food products whose quality reputation is grounded on a given 'terroir' (i.e., its area of production). Climate change can alter terroir features. While several st[...]Article
M. Masi ; M. De Rosa ; Y. Vecchio ; L. Bartoli ; F. Adinolfi |The adoption of innovations may boost the transition to sustainable agricultural models. Among these innovations, precision farming offers a fundamental contribution to sustainable soil management and the improvement in product quality. The work[...]Article
A. Di Guardo ; E. Capri ; M. Calliera ; A. Finizio |As echoed in the European Green Deal and Farm to Fork strategy, the EU agricultural policy has clear objectives of improving the sustainability (environmental, economic and social) of farm productions. The environmental goals are supported by pr[...]Article
G. Vinci ; S.A. Prencipe ; A. Abbafati ; M. Filippi |Growing awareness of environmental sustainability in the agri-food sector has enhanced the gradual shift toward less-impactful food and organic production systems. In 2021, nearly three million hectolitres of organic wine were produced which acc[...]Article
R. Moruzzo ; G. Granai ; C. De Benedictis ; M. Galardi ; V. Colosimo ; J. Sforzi ; F. Di Iacovo |Social Farming (SF) is a rising practice that offers various typologies of initiatives involving different actors. Peculiarities consist of the types of networks organized at the territorial level and in the innovation processes they implement. [...]Article
This study aims to answer the following research questions: (a) to what extent do EU rural development supports for investments address territorial differences of rural areas, especially concerning the differences between rich and intensive area[...]Article
Common property represents a particularly topical and complex issue in Italy due to the widespread (10% of) Italian territory, with millions of buildings built on it and the lack of a clear legal status regarding their alienability and eliminabi[...]Article
L. Verdi ; A. Dalla Marta ; F. Falconi ; S. Orlandini ; M. Mancini |Assessing the environmental impact of agriculture is a key factor towards reducing human impacts on the food production chain. Because of the growing consumer interest in healthy foods cultivated with low-impact approach, a study assessing the i[...]Article
Climate change is impacting on the agricultural sector in several ways, and the effects on yields are generally among the most observable ones. Open fields crops, such as cereals, are very vulnerable to climate change. We study the historical da[...]Article
G. Cecili ; P. De Fioravante ; L. Congedo ; M. Marchetti ; M. Munafò |In recent years, deep learning (DL) algorithms have been widely integrated for remote sensing image classification, but fewer studies have applied it for land consumption (LC). LC is the main factor in land transformation dynamics and it is the [...]Article
Climate variability and extremes, socio-economic conditions, crisis and market shocks are among the main factors determining risk in the agricultural sector. Drought, heat stress, flood, market volatility among the others, have caused heavy loss[...]Article
M. Ruberto ; G. Branca ; S. Troiano ; R. Zucaro |The Water Framework Directive (WFD) has introduced economic principles for water resource management, including the environmental cost recovery on the basis of the polluter pays principle (PPP). Agriculture, as a potential driver of pressures on[...]Article
A. Coppola ; M. Cozzi ; S. Romano ; M. Viccaro |New business models that integrate sustainability into corporate strategies and combine environmental, economic, and social issues with production practices are on the rise. Implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives may[...]Article
Agricultural modernization brought about a significant land use change, with the expansion both of crops that could be more easily mechanized and of woodland and natural areas. Meanwhile, to increase the cultivated area, the farmland fabric of p[...]Article
F. Boenzi ; S. Digiesi ; F. Facchini ; B. Silvestri |The agri-food supply chain is responsible for high GHG emissions. In industrial food processing, there is potential for reducing environmental impacts. In the case of apricot jam, several practices for realizing the finished product can be adopt[...]Article
S. Vanino ; C. Di Bene ; C. Piccini ; G. Fila ; B. Pennelli ; R. Zornoza ; V. Sanchez-Navarro ; J. Álvaro-Fuentes ; R. Hüppi ; J. Six ; R. Farina |The intensification of agricultural systems has caused a noticeable impact on agro-ecosystem services. Thus, the adoption of more sustainable agricultural practices such as crop diversification and reduction of external inputs represent an alter[...]Article
Geographical indications (GIs) are granted to specific product names with a link to the terroirs where they are made. However, climate change is expected to alter most of the terroirs? characteristics, reducing productivity and profitability of [...]Article
V.M. Merlino ; S. Massaglia ; S. Blanc ; F. Brun ; D. Borra |The specialty milk market in Italy has shown positive trends in recent years. Companies, from small producers to market leaders, continue to invest in differentiating their product lines, increasingly orienting their production choices towards s[...]Article
The purpose of this research is to study transaction costs and their antecedents, in relation to the willingness to buy groceries online in Italy, and to observe the effect of Covid-19 is having in those. The study used a positivist deductive ap[...]