Berchoux T. (2018).
The determinants of precarious rural livelihoods in the Mahanadi Delta, India. PhD in Geography and Social Sciences (Geography and Environment) : University of Southampton, Southampton (Royaume-Uni). 280 p.
https://cloud.iamm.fr/index.php/s/firoqnL385EfGYa
https://cloud.iamm.fr/index.php/s/firoqnL385EfGYa
Titre : | The determinants of precarious rural livelihoods in the Mahanadi Delta, India |
Auteurs : | T. Berchoux |
Type de document : | Thèse, Mémoire, Master |
Année de publication : | 2018 |
Format : | 280 p. |
Langues : | Anglais |
Langues du résumé : | Anglais |
Catégories : |
Catégories principales 05 - DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL ; 5.1 - DéveloppementThésaurus IAMM REVENU AGRICOLE ; MENAGE AGRICOLE ; PRECARITE ; LUTTE CONTRE LA PAUVRETE ; PAYS EN DEVELOPPEMENT ; MILIEU RURAL ; INEGALITE SOCIALE ; NIVEAU DE VIE ; AGRICULTURE DE SUBSISTANCE ; ECONOMIE DE SUBSISTANCE ; COMMUNAUTE RURALE ; CAPITAL HUMAIN ; CAPITAL SOCIAL ; CAPITAL NATUREL ; TRAVAIL AGRICOLE ; DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL ; STRATEGIE DE DEVELOPPEMENT ; ADAPTATION AU CHANGEMENT ; INDE |
Mots-clés: | MOYENS DE SUBSISTANCE |
Résumé : | Precarious livelihoods, as a phenomenon that characterises rural household survival strategies, is a serious long-term issue for policies concerned with reducing rural poverty in developing countries. Engaging in precarious livelihood activities, such as daily-wage labour, is a characteristic of rural survival reflecting the continuing vulnerability of rural livelihoods. The increase of the proportion of households engaging in precarious activities in rural areas of many developing countries is not only due to a readjustment of the economy from agrarian to industrial but rather is a persistent phenomenon that reflects the increasing inequalities in rural areas. However, despite the recommendations from rural studies that have shown the importance of multi-level approaches to rural poverty, neither the determinants of precarious livelihoods nor their place-specific context has been well understood. Based on a participatory assessment conducted in rural communities in India, this thesis investigates the determinants of precarious rural livelihoods. After differentiating two levels of livelihood capitals (household capitals and community capitals), the thesis characterises their associations with agricultural livelihood activities by using national census data in amultilevelmodelling framework. The thesis then investigates how place influences the drivers of livelihood precariousness by defining typologies of rural communities based on their access to natural resources, social services and productive infrastructures. The associations between agricultural shocks, household capitals and precarious livelihood strategies are characterised for each community type to show how the type of community influences the impact of climatic shocks on livelihoods and changes the direction of the relationships between capitals and livelihood strategies. This thesis brings a new perspective on livelihood studies by demonstrating that community resources and household capitals do not have the same effect on livelihoods. It also demonstrates that the bundle of locally available community capitals influences households livelihood opportunities and coping strategies, thus influencing the drivers of rural poverty. The thesis identifies that a lack of access to human, financial and social capitals at the household level is associated with vulnerable activities, such as daily-wage agricultural labour. Households located in communities with a greater access to community natural capital are less likely to be agricultural labourers, while proximity to rural centres and access to financial infrastructures are associated with greater chances for households to be landless agricultural labourers. Agricultural shocks drive livelihood precariousness, while access to capitals tends to reduce it. These findings suggest that investment in rural infrastructure might increase livelihood vulnerability, if not accompanied by an improvement in the provisioning of complementary rural services, such as access to rural finance, and by the implementation of agricultural tenancy laws to protect smallholders productive assets. Overall, this thesis suggests that livelihood studies and poverty alleviation programmes should include community capitals and typologies in their approach to provide place-specific interventions that would strengthen context-specific household capitals, thus reducing livelihood precariousness. |
Note de contenu : | The research described in this thesis was carried out under the DEltas, vulnerability and Climate Change: Migration and Adaptation (DECCMA) project under the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA) programme, with financial support from the UK Governments Department for International Development (DfID) and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (Canada) [grant number 107642]. This work was also supported by the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Doctoral Training Centre [grant number 1501613] |
Nature du diplôme : | PhD in Geography and Social Sciences (Geography and Environment) |
Université de soutenance : | University of Southampton |
Ville de l'université de soutenance : | Southampton (Royaume-Uni) |
Cote : | En ligne |
URL / DOI : | https://cloud.iamm.fr/index.php/s/firoqnL385EfGYa |