| Titre : | The Common Agricultural Policy effect on economic results, echo-schemes implementation and ecosystems services consumption in south-west Spain: a simulation-based assessment (2026) |
| Auteurs : | T.E. Otto ; R.P. Antonio ; F. Alvares-Arroyo ; G.G. Agustín |
| Type de document : | Article |
| Dans : | Environmental and Sustainability Indicators (vol. 31, Septembre 2026) |
| Article en page(s) : | p. 101295 |
| Langues : | Anglais |
| Catégories : |
Catégories principales 06 - AGRICULTURE. FORÊTS. PÊCHES ; 6.3 - PACThésaurus IAMM POLITIQUE AGRICOLE ; PAC ; PAIEMENT DIRECT ; EVALUATION DE L'IMPACT ; PROTECTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ; SERVICE ECOSYSTEMIQUE ; ESPAGNE |
| Résumé : | This paper analyses how direct payments under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) affect the economic results, the echo-schemes implementation consumption and ecosystems services of agriculture in Extremadura (south-west Spain). We use a crop-level cost model with 2015-2022 data and simulate CAP direct payments, including income support and eco-schemes. Results are complemented with indicators of eco-schemes' costabsorption capacity and crop dependence on three key ecosystem services-irrigation water, pollination and pest control-combined with stakeholder interviews and a producer survey. Without CAP support, most rain-fed cereals and traditional rain-fed woody systems (olive groves and vineyards) are economically unviable, whereas irrigated industrial crops and fruit trees are profitable. Unconditional payments reverse the deficit for nearly all loss-making crops, but rain-fed wine grapes remain structurally unprofitable and many rain-fed olive groves operate with very narrow margins. This weak performance creates strong incentives to convert traditional rain-fed vineyards and olive groves into irrigated systems, already visible in the region and associated with higher water use, landscape simplification and additional environmental pressures. Rain-fed cereals and legumes are better able to absorb the additional costs associated with ecoschemes, whereas high-value irrigated crops and rain-fed woody systems face tighter economic margins. Overall, the CAP in Extremadura functions primarily as an income-stabilization device and only partially as a driver of agro-ecological transition, calling for closer links between income support, farm structure, ecosystemservice dependence and land-use dynamics, and for eco-schemes that are financially attractive while discouraging the expansion of irrigation. |
| Cote : | En ligne |
| URL / DOI : | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2026.101295 |
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