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Thésaurus IAMM > IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT
IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENTSynonyme(s)Facteur anthropique ;Influence anthropique Pression anthropique |
Documents disponibles dans cette catégorie (432)
Article
H. Fraga ; N. Guimarães ; T.R. Freitas ; A.C. Malheiro ; J.A. Santos |In the World Heritage Côa region, in northern Portugal, agriculture has crucial economic, social and cultural importance. Vineyards and olive groves are part of the economic base of this region, contributing to the regional commercial budget and[...]Article
The Natural Park of Albufera (Valencia, Spain) is an important Mediterranean coastal wetland that suffers continuous environmental effects from human activities and water uses, mainly related to agriculture and urban/industrial sewage discharges[...]Article
Les modes de productions agricoles sont de plus en plus contraints. Pour maintenir la souveraineté alimentaire, linnovation est primordiale dans un cadre juridique favorable.Article
Agriculture has been identified as one of the main drivers of environmental degradation in the European Union (EU). It can have negative impacts on air, water, soil and biodiversity. The condition of agroecosystems is affected by soil degradatio[...]Article
CONTEXT Policymakers still lack methods to assess the environmental impacts of agriculture at regional scales. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is renowned in assessing the environmental footprint of economic activities; however, it has to be adapted[...]Article
A. Perrin ; M. Czyrnek-Delêtre ; M. Ben Jaballah ; A. Rouault ; H.M.G. van der Werf ; M. Ghali ; A. Sigwalt ; C. Renaud-Gentié |There is an urgent need for agriculture in general, and for viticulture in particular, to reduce their impacts on the environment. Doing so requires an approach that supports transitioning to more environmentally friendly practices. Involving fa[...]Article
F. Jacquet ; M.-H. Jeuffroy ; J. Jouan ; E. Le Cadre ; I. Litrico ; T. Malausa ; X. Reboud ; C. Huyghe |Reducing pesticide use has become a goal shared by several European countries and a major issue in public policies due to the negative impacts of pesticides on the environment and on human health. However, since most of the agri-food sector reli[...]Article
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) represents a substantial area of the terrestrial landmass encompassing several countries and ecosystems. This area is generally drier and warmer compared to the rest of the world, and has extreme resource [...]Article
Soil, a non-renewable resource, sustains life on Earth by supporting around 95% of global food production and providing ecosystem services such as biomass production, filtration of contaminants and transfer of mass and energy between spheres. Un[...]Article
S. Pratap ; S.K. Jauhar ; S.K. Paul ; F. Zhou |Perishable food products present a production-inventory routing dilemma critical to logistics planning for several industries. Due to the speedy deterioration of perishable food products, proper production, inventory, and shipping planning are e[...]Article
The collapse of tourism caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is forcing many destinations to rethink their economic model, by focusing on sustainability and innovation. Advances in tourism impact assessment can not only improve tourism products and s[...]Ouvrage
W.L. Filho, ed. ; E. Manolas, ed. | Cham [Suisse] : Springer | Climate Change Management, ISSN 1610-2010 | 2022This book serves the purpose of showcasing some of the works in respect of applied research, field projects, and best practice to foster climate change adaptation across the region. Climate change is having a much greater impact in the Mediterr[...]Article
J. Blasch ; B. van der Kroon ; P. van Beukering ; R. Munster ; S. Fabiani ; P. Nino ; S. Vanino |Precision farming (PF) technologies can help to mitigate the environmental impact of agriculture by reducing fertiliser use and irrigation while saving cost for the farmer. However, these technologies are not widely adopted in Europe. We study f[...]Ouvrage
Avec ses quantités effarantes de données à traiter, de terminaux à alimenter, de serveurs à refroidir et de réseaux à déployer, lintelligence artificelle est une source de pollution importante à lheure actuelle. Paradoxalement, la plupart des [...]Article
Climate change, drought, and anthropogenic effects are among the main drivers causing alterations in natural resources one of which is the lake level (LL) of large saline lakes, which are mainly located in arid and semi-arid regions. As an urgen[...]Article
N. Pérez-Méndez ; N. Pérez-Méndez ; C. Miguel-Rojas ; J.A. Jimenez-Berni ; D. Gomez-Candon ; A. Pérez-de-Luque ; E. Fereres ; M. Catala-Forner ; D. Villegas ; J.C. Sillero |Wheat and rice are two main staple food crops that may suffer from yield losses due to drought episodes that are increasingly impacted by climate change, in addition to new epidemic outbreaks. Sustainable intensification of production will rely [...]Article
La France, comme beaucoup de pays pratiquant une agriculture moderne, est une grande consommatrice de produits phytosanitaires. Depuis plusieurs années, des programmes, tels que le plan Ecophyto, ont été mis en place pour inciter les agriculteur[...]Série
PNUD. Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement. New York (États-Unis) | New York [États-Unis] : ONU - PNUD | Rapport Mondial sur le Développement Humain | 2022We live in a world of worry. The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, having driven reversals in human development in almost every country, continues to spin off variants unpredictably. War in Ukraine and elsewhere has created more human suffering. Reco[...]Article
A. Manzardo ; A. Marson ; F. Zuliani ; J. Bacenetti ; A. Scipioni |To support the sustainable development of the primary sector, in line with green new deals emerging worldwide, eco-design of new agri-food products is a priority. The wine industry, due to its growing market, has matured the need to develop an a[...]Article
Article
Climate change is a global environmental threat to all economic activities, especially the livestock activity. The South of Tunisia, where animal husbandry is a fundamental element of the domestic economy, is more influenced by these negatives e[...]Article
The purpose of this paper is to consider implementation of Artificial Intelligence as a part of Precision Dairy Farming, as a way of processing, analysing and managing Big data, in order to enable sustainable dairy cattle farm. Increasing the vo[...]Article
H. Guyomard ; Z. Bouamra Mechemache ; V. Chatellier ; L. Delaby ; C. Détang-Dessendre ; J.-L. Peyraud ; V. Réquillart |Le secteur de lélevage fait aujourdhui lobjet, notamment dans lUnion européenne, de nombreuses controverses liées à ses impacts sur le changement climatique, lenvironnement, la santé humaine et le bien-être animal. Après une analyse des ser[...]Article
I. Pérez Domínguez ; A. Del Prado ; K. Mittenzwei ; J. Hristov ; S. Frank ; A. Tabeau ; P. Witzke ; P. Havlík ; H. van Meijl ; J. Lynch ; E. Stehfest ; G. Pardo ; J. Barreiro Hurlé ; J.F.L. Koopman ; M.J. Sanz-Sánchez |Methanes short atmospheric life has important implications for the design of global climate change mitigation policies in agriculture. Three different agricultural economic models are used to explore how short- and long-term warming effects of [...]Article
The purpose of this paper is to investigate corporate environmental responsibility in the agri-food industry in the Republic of Serbia. Empirical research was conducted on a sample of 112 managers of agri-food organizations operating in the terr[...]Article
This paper investigates in the foreground the state of agricultural systems in interdependence with climate change, a condition synec vanon of decarbonization of agriculture. The relationship between ecologically responsible agricultural systems[...]Article
Agriculture has become an essential sector in the economic growth of developing countries. Although food production at a large scale is the primary purpose, the residues are in some cases not fully exploited, representing environmental problems.[...]Article
N. Baran ; N. Surdyk ; C. Auterives |Contaminants in groundwater are a major issue worldwide. Temporal trends of such occurrences in French groundwaters were evaluated for several active substances of pesticides belonging to different chemical classes, to identify key factors expla[...]Article
Lanalyse spatiale revêt un intérêt particulier pour toutes les études d'aménagement et de planification urbaine. En fait, ce type d'analyse met en évidence les structures et les formes dorganisations spatiales et récurrentes que résument les c[...]Article
B. Adelodun ; K.Y. Kareem ; P. Kumar ; V. Kumar ; K.S. Choi ; K.K. Yadav ; A. Yadav ; A. El-Denglawey ; M. Cabral-Pinto ; C.T. Son ; S. Krishnan ; N.A. Khan |The existing finite natural resources have witnessed unsustainable usage in the past few years, especially for food production, with accompanying environmental devastation and ecosystem damage. Regrettably, the global population and consumption [...]Article
O. Del Hierro ; P. Gallejones ; G. Besga ; A. Artetxe ; C. Garbisu |This study aimed to estimate the environmental impact of barley production in the Basque Country, Northern Spain, using cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, as well as to assess how methodological choices (i.e., the use of IPC[...]Article
V. Giovenzana ; A. Casson ; R. Beghi ; A. Pampuri ; I. Fiorindo ; A. Tugnolo ; R. Guidetti |Food consumption is associated with various environmental impacts and therefore consumer choices represent an important driver for environmental decisions. This study evaluates the environmental impact of fresh-cut salad lamb's lettuce (Valerian[...]Article
Our daily food choices have a huge impact on the environment. However, most consumers are not aware of the environmental impact of food production and consumption. Since there is no valid and reliable measure of knowledge regarding food's enviro[...]Article
Article
La région d'El Ejido, dans le sud de l'Espagne, est recouverte par une « mer de plastique », image donnée par une présence excessive de serres. Ce site agricole est le premier pôle exportateur de légumes du continent européen. Le prix à payer es[...]Article
Wastewater reuse (WW-reuse) is an alternative water resource that may answer present and future water-scarcity issues, supplying diverse categories of water users: agricultural, industrial or even domestic. A literature review of 30 LCAs of WW-r[...]Article
As freshwater overexploitation in agriculture is rising, the application of alternative farming practices, particularly in water-scarce areas, is critical for the sustainability of the sector. Organic agriculture constitutes an opportunity for f[...]Article
In the Mediterranean basin, edaphic salinization, sodification and alkalinization related to anthropic pressures and climatic changes may hinder the ecosystem sustainability. It is pertinent to study the mid and long-term variability of these so[...]Article
Olive oil production shapes the socio-economic and environmental life of many areas of the Mediterranean basin, especially southern Spain, the highest olive oil-producing region worldwide. Olive grove cultivation is tending to intensify from tra[...]Article
C. Esgalhado ; M.H. Guimaraes ; S. Lardon ; M. Debolini ; M.V. Balzan ; S.C. Gennai-Schott ; M. Simon Rojo ; I. Mekki ; S. Bouchemal |The influence of human use and management of natural resources has grown to the point that it becomes difficult to separate socio-economic from environmental components in land systems (Turner, Lambin, & Reenberg, 2007). Sustainability in these [...]Article
K. Canaj ; D. Morrone ; R. Roma ; F. Boari ; V. Cantore ; M. Todorovic |The agricultural sector in the Mediterranean region, is increasingly using reclaimed water as an additional source for irrigation. However, there is a limited number of case studies about product-based life cycle analysis to ensure that the over[...]Article
Créateur de richesses, le tourisme est aussi à lorigine dexternalités négatives et de conflits, que la crise a déplacés. Son impact environnemental, lié en particulier aux transports, nest pas véritablement intégré dans les politiques actuelles.Article
Diffuse water pollution is a major problem in many agroecosystems, especially in irrigated areas linked to ecosystems of high ecological value. Pollution abatement policies imply the modification of agricultural measures and are usually rejected[...]Article
Promoting sustainable agricultural systems, maintaining biodiversity, and establishing measures to counteract climate change are the clear objectives of the future Common Agricultural Policy (CAP); however, there is still uncertainty regarding i[...]Article
Today, the food sector is largely excluded from climate protection policies. Nevertheless, the food sector is responsible for about 20 per cent of greenhouse gases. Food policies could substantially contribute to the EUs ambitious climate goals[...]Article
Lutilisation de produits phytosanitaires par les agriculteurs possédant des petites exploitations agricoles est nécessaire pour obtenir un rendement satisfaisant. Mais lapplication de ces produits peut affecter la santé et la sécurité de lagr[...]Article
D. Vanham ; S. Guenther ; M. Ros-Baró ; A. Bach-Faig |The Mediterranean region is increasingly water scarce, with the food system being the largest driver of water use. We calculate the water resources related to food consumption in nine major Mediterranean countries, by means of the water footprin[...]Article
D. D'Ammaro ; E. Capri ; F. Valentino ; S. Grillo ; E. Fiorini ; L. Lamastra |The interest in sustainability, within the wine sector, is growing simultaneously with the awareness of the environmental impacts on climate change generated by the sector itself. In this context, environmental methodologies need to be applied: [...]Article
The COVID-19 pandemic offers an opportunity to examine the impacts of system-wide crises on key supply sectors such as water, energy and food. These sectors are becoming increasingly interlinked in environmental policy-making and with regard to [...]Article
Many organisations consider environmentally friendly activities, including the reduction of their carbon footprint, to be a significant aspect of their operation. In this study, a mathematical model was used to calculate the carbon footprint of [...]Article
V. Mereu ; A. Gallo ; A. Trabucco ; G. Carboni ; D. Spano |The Mediterranean basin has been identified as a prominent hotspot of climate change, with expected negative impacts on crop productivity, among others. Given the primary role that agriculture has to sustain cultural values, economic opportuniti[...]Article
K. Rijswijk ; L. Klerkx ; M. Bacco ; F. Bartolini ; E. Bulten ; L. Debruyne ; J. Dessein ; I. Scotti ; G. Brunori |Digital technologies are often seen as an opportunity to enable sustainable futures in agriculture and rural areas. However, this digital transformation process is not inherently good as it impacts on many aspects (e.g. economic, environmental, [...]Article
Larticle analyse si les aides du premier pilier de la PAC ont été distribuées, entre 2002 et 2017, selon des critères environnementaux et de revenu. Les niveaux individuels démissions de gaz à effet de serre des exploitations sont calculés à l[...]Article
Les agriculteurs français utilisent de moins en moins de produits phytosanitaires. Néanmoins, une pharmacopée efficace doit toujours être à leur disposition.Article
In recent decades, many sustainability indicators and methods have been developed at farm level, but a validated set of quantitative and scientifically-sound indicators covering all three dimensions of sustainability is still needed. For this re[...]Article
Z. Saber ; R. van Zelm ; H. Pirdashti ; A.M. Schipper ; M. Esmaeili ; A. Motevali ; A. Nabavi-Pelesaraei ; M.A.J. Huijbregts |Eco-efficiency, defined as the economic profit per unit of environmental impact, can largely differ between farms that produce the same crop. Understanding the underlying drivers of differences in eco-efficiency can help to identify effective op[...]Article
Pollinator biodiversity loss occurs at unprecedented rates globally, with particularly sharp declines documented in the North Temperate Zone. There is currently no consensus on the main drivers of the decline. Although climate change is expected[...]Article
Le changement climatique affecte considérablement la cédraie algérienne. Pas moins de trois épisodes de mortalité massive du cèdre de l'Atlas, principalement dus à des sécheresses récurrentes, ont été observés depuis la fin du XIX' siècle. L'imp[...]Article
En Algérie, le cèdre de l'Atlas présente une aire de répartition disjointe principalement liée à l'orographie. Les cédraies s'individualisent en îlots plus ou moins importants observés d'ouest en est sur les hauteurs de l'Atlas tellien et de l'A[...]Article
Les tendances climatiques des cédraies se situent dans les fourchettes des projections climatiques 2016-2035 du GIEC pour le Maroc. Elles sont caractérisées par une augmentation de la fréquence des années sèches, une tendance à la baisse des pré[...]Article
La région méditerranéenne doit faire face aux conséquences du changement climatique. Ces conséquences sont exacerbées par les impacts d'une population en constante augmentation extirpant les ressources naturelles. Les changements climatiques mod[...]Article
Many approaches have been used to investigate climate change impacts on agriculture. However, several caveats remain in this field: (i) analyses focus only on a few major crops, (ii) large differences in yield impacts are observed between projec[...]Article
The terms corporate social responsibility (CSR), sustainability, sustainable development and corporate sustainability (CS) are critical terms for developing, analysing and evaluating public and private policy goals. These terms are used [...]Article
Intensive agricultural farming systems have negative impacts on the ecosystem. Therefore, the use of crop rotation emerges as an opportunity to improve the environmental sustainability of agricultural systems. In the region of Galicia in north-w[...]Article
C. Andolina ; G. Signa ; A. Tomasello ; A. Mazzola ; S. Vizzini |The Mediterranean basin is amongst the worlds main tourist destination, and its islands are a major attraction, being sites of historical, cultural and naturalistic importance. This is beneficial for the local economies, but it may also represe[...]Article
C. Berthelot ; R. Jean ; M. Riou ; L. Fouyer |Les sols sont des milieux abritant une grande diversité de micro-organismes et de microfaune. Ils jouent un rôle clé dans la fertilité des sols et sont acteurs de nombreux services écosystémiques dont la résistance des cultures, la régulation de[...]Article
The aim of this paper is to present data on the scale of food waste in the meat sector and to emphasize the need to disseminate measures to reduce the number of losses in this sector. The article discusses food loss and waste in the meat sector [...]Article
The food- and feed-value systems in the European Union are not protein self-sufficient. Despite their potential to improve the well-being of arable cropping systems, sufficient production of high-protein legume grains in Europe has not been achi[...]Article
This paper is based on the results of an empirical study conducted on a sample of 103 employees of the Croatian Agricultural and Forestry Advisory Service in mid- 2018. The main goal of the study was to determine the opinions and attitudes of ag[...]Article
Nous sommes confrontés à la conjonction de divers maux : la diminution de la biodiversité favorise le développement de nouvelles pandémies qui trouvent un terrain fertile dans nos modes de vie, en particulier alimentaires. On sait de mieux en mi[...]Article
Agriculture is both the site of development of important new technologies and a key area of application of technologies developed elsewhere. It is little wonder, then, that many thinkers believe that progress in the science and engineering of ro[...]Article
C. Thomas ; I. Maître ; P.A. Picouet ; R. Symoneaux |Current environmental issues require shifting to a more sustainable agri-food sector. The perception of the environmental impact of the products that consumers buy is not well known. The present study investigated consumers perceptions of the e[...]Article
Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means[...]Article
S.A. Ashraf ; A.J. Siddiqui ; A.E.O. Elkhalifa ; M.I. Khan ; M. Patel ; M. Alreshidi ; A. Moin ; R. Singh ; M. Snoussi ; M. Adnan |A rapid increase in world population is leading to the rise in global demand of food and agriculture (agri) products. Nanotechnology and its applications have emerged as one of the most pioneering and promising technology for transforming conven[...]Article
About one-third of the food produced globally for human consumption is lost or wasted each year. This represents a loss of natural resources consumed along the food supply chain that can also have negative impacts on food security. While food lo[...]Article
The application of true cost accounting (TCA) at farm level requires a common framework and metric for measuring, capturing and valuing sustainability. We propose such a framework and farm metric that build on the four capitalsnatural, social, [...]Article
At least 30% of food is wasted during the journey from farm to processor to retailer to consumer in the United States, accounting for an estimated 20% of the environmental impact of the food system. The food waste problem is well characterized, [...]Article
A. de Ravignan ; L. Hutinet ; C. Vallet ; M. Jublin ; N. Nahapétian ; V. Grimault ; L. Clerc, illus. |Elles sont parfois microscopiques, parfois énormes. Elles portent des noms latins compliqués et se comptent en millions. Pour linstant, en tout cas. Car aujourdhui des espèces, animales ou végétales, disparaissent à une allure inédite sous la[...]Article
Greening payment represents one of the main and controversial novelties of the current Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 20152020 programming period. Such payments bind a portion of farm subsidies to compliance with specified practices, such as [...]Article
Larticle propose, à partir de létude dun corpus de films documentaires sur lagriculture contemporaine, de montrer comment la narration filmique met en exergue la bipartition du monde agricole. Il y aurait dune part, un univers agro-industri[...]Article
B. Torquati ; L. Cecchini ; C. Paffarini ; M. Chiorri |Following the growing trend towards globalisation of the agrifood system over the last few years, a number of scientific publications with different aims and methodological approaches have addressed the issue of the progressive link loss between[...]Article
I. Funes ; I. Funes ; R. Savé ; F. de Herralde ; C. Biel ; E. Pla ; D. Pascual ; J. Zabalza ; G. Cantos ; G. Borràs ; J. Vayreda ; X. Aranda |In this study, the suitability of major crops currently growing in three case study basins in Catalonia (NE Spain) was assessed for the first half of the 21st century. For this purpose, an estimation was made of net hydric needs (NHN) and a set [...]Article
N. El Assaoui ; A. Sadok ; I. Merimi |The scientific knowledge of processes related to climate change impact on groundwater resources remains insufficient both nationally and internationally. This is due particularly to: the inadequacy of databases both quantitatively and qualitativ[...]Article
Agricultural research has fostered productivity growth, but the historical influence of anthropogenic climate change (ACC) on that growth has not been quantified. We develop a robust econometric model of weather effects on global agricultural to[...]Article
N. Boke Olén ; F. Roger ; M.V. Brady ; C. Larsson ; G.K.S. Andersson ; J. Ekroos ; P. Caplat ; H.G. Smith ; J. Dänhardt ; Y. Clough |Context The global demand for food is expected to continue increasing for decades, which may drive both agricultural expansion and intensification. The associated environmental impacts are potentially considerable but will depend on how the agr[...]Article
Combining an olive growth simulation model with a specific module for economic componentsnamely, net margin (NM) and irrigation water productivity (IWP)resulted in the AdaptaOlive v2.0 model. This model, used with perturbed climate (PC) and im[...]Article
M. Constantin ; I.D. Radulescu ; J.V. Andrei ; L. Chivu ; V. Erokhin ; T. Gao |European agriculture is the result and experiences of a numerous and md determinant reforms during last period of time. Labor productivity and green gas emissions represents two major turning points in analyzing the Common Agricultural Policy ev[...]Article
M. Hamam ; G. Chinnici ; G. Di Vita ; G. Pappalardo ; B. Pecorino ; G. Maesano ; M. D'Amico |Around the world, interest is growing in the circular economy in response to the current unsustainable model of production and consumption based on increased use and depletion of resources. This paper provides a review of the academic literature[...]Article
Current food production and consumption practices have had negative impacts on the environment and are central to global health concerns. Using a mixed-methods review, we examined the nutritional and environmental impacts of our global food syst[...]Article
Agriculture contributes to deforestation and the conversion of other terrestrial ecosystems, affecting important ecosystem functions. A growing share of the produced agricultural commodities is traded between countries. It is widely assumed that[...]Article
Le secteur agricole est lun des secteurs les plus sensibles au changement climatique, ce secteur est directement affecté par la température et les précipitations et le taux des terres arables, qui sont un intrant dans la sécurité alimentaire. L[...]Article
While having failed to solve problems such as hunger or malnutrition, industrial agriculture appears to be causing additional ones both in environmental and health terms. Our author calls for a transformation of the food system and highlights th[...]Article
The water scarcity in Algeria is a major problem difficult to solve; in addition to a changeable Mediterranean climate, low rainfall and water pollution emphasizes this problem. Oran (west of Algeria) has suffered a long period of lack of water,[...]Article
Climate change might have direct impacts on water quantity in Egypt and lead to indirect effects on Mediterranean saltwater intrusion to groundwater, which exposes agriculture to vulnerability. This study investigated impacts of climate change o[...]Article
Modelling transformational adaptation to climate change among crop farming systems in Romagna, Italy
C. Zagaria ; C. Zagaria ; C.J.E. Schulp ; M. Zavalloni ; D. Viaggi ; P.H. Verburg |As the impact of climate change on the agricultural sector has begun to manifest itself in its severity, adaptation planning has come under scrutiny for favoring the preservation of status-quo conditions over more substantial changes. The uptake[...]Article
A. Shahzad ; S. Ullah ; A.A. Dar ; M.F. Sardar ; T. Mehmood ; M.A. Tufail ; A. Shakoor ; M. Haris |The changing climate scenarios harshen the biotic stresses including boosting up the population of insect/pest and disease, uplifting weed growth, declining soil beneficial microbes, threaten pollinator, and boosting up abiotic stresses includin[...]Article
Drought is among the highest-impact natural hazards affecting drylands around the world in a warming climate. The Mediterranean region, including Tunisia, is projected to experience the most predominant drying trends worldwide. However, a detail[...]Article
Climate change is a global threat to the food and nutritional security of the world. As greenhouse-gas emissions in the atmosphere are increasing, the temperature is also rising due to the greenhouse effect. The average global temperature is inc[...]Article
F. Taghikhah ; A. Voinov ; N. Shukla ; T. Filatova ; M. Anufriev |The current intense food production-consumption is one of the main sources of environmental pollution and contributes to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Organic farming is a potential way to reduce environmental impacts by excluding synt[...]