Verdeil E. (ed.), Faour G. (ed.), Hamzé M. (ed.). (2019). Atlas of Lebanon: new challenges. Beyrouth (Liban) : IFPO. 128 p.
https://books.openedition.org/ifpo/13178
https://books.openedition.org/ifpo/13178
Titre : | Atlas of Lebanon: new challenges |
Auteurs : | E. Verdeil, ed. ; G. Faour, ed. ; M. Hamzé, ed. |
Type de document : | E-Book |
Editeur : | Beyrouth [Liban] : IFPO, 2019 |
ISBN/ISSN/EAN : | 978-2-35159-747-7 |
Format : | 128 p. / ill., réf., cart., tabl., graph. |
Langues : | Anglais |
Langues du résumé : | Anglais ; Français |
Catégories : |
Catégories principales 01 - USUELS ; 1.5 - Atlas. CartesThésaurus IAMM ATLAS ; CARTOGRAPHIE ; DONNEE STATISTIQUE ; MONDIALISATION ; GEOPOLITIQUE ; MIGRATION ; DEMOGRAPHIE ; DEGRADATION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ; ECONOMIE ; SYSTEME POLITIQUE ; POPULATION HUMAINE ; CROISSANCE ; SITUATION ECONOMIQUE ; ACTIVITE BANCAIRE ; PAUVRETE ; GENRE FEMMES HOMMES ; URBANISATION ; ENVIRONNEMENT ; CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE ; RISQUE ; SERVICE PUBLIC ; CRISE ; GOUVERNANCE ; AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE ; DEVELOPPEMENT LOCAL |
Résumé : | After fifteen years of reconstruction in a relatively peaceful environment spanning the years 1990 to 2004, Lebanon has experienced successive violent political events resulting from complex entangled internal and external struggles. The Syrian crisis and its political, economic and demographic consequences on Lebanon have increased these tensions. This atlas sheds light on these new challenges and adds new data that complete the analyses already published in the Atlas du Liban. Territoires et société (Atlas of Lebanon. Territories and Society) released in 2007 by the same research team. Some of its components are included in this edition. Beyond the international regional crisis and the population movements, it takes into account Lebanons socio-economic dimensions, the environmental issues linked to uncontrolled urbanization and to natural risks, as well as conflicts due to local territorial management. This atlas is the result of a collaborative endeavor between French and Lebanese researchers. It uses a geographical approach that puts in the foreground a spatial analysis of social and natural phenomena. Public sources are scarce in Lebanon, especially at the local scale. They are sometimes less reliable and difficult to access. It is particularly the case for the Lebanese census data, conversely data are abundantly available on the refugees population, which is less known than the population of refugees. International data help compare Lebanon to its neighbors. Thematic data produced by some ministries are helpful to provide a detailed view regarding specific domains. Analyses processed on aerial and satellite images have produced essential data on urbanization and environment. Local thematic fieldwork surveys have provided additional data. The book consists of seven chapters. The first one deals with the territorial state-building seen in the light of regional geopolitics, and emphasizes internal violence and the reemergence of militias and armed groups that fight each other and the state army. Lebanon is once again perceived as a territory divided between multiple allegiances. The second chapter is devoted to the analysis of population dynamics, despite the lack of reliable data whose sources are subject to discussion. It includes analyses of internal population flows, the Lebanese diaspora, and the assessment of Syrian refugees influx. The third chapter shows the fragility of the Lebanese economic model. Its dependency on foreign investments and on the remittances of the diaspora, as well as the deadlocks of industry and agriculture, which aggravate social imbalances. The fourth chapter is an assessment of urbanization in the country, which has increased by 80% in surface in twenty years at the expense of natural spaces and agriculture. The shore is highly coveted and widely artificialized and damaged. Multiple signs of environmental degradation are examined in chapter five. They seem to announce the global climate change and its local effects. In addition to that, there is a direct link between massive urbanization and many risks, measured and mapped in an increasingly detailed way. Chapter six tackles the dysfunctional public services that exploit natural resources: water and energy supply, both marked by massive shortages, and the management of solid waste hit by a serious crisis. The seventh and last chapter studies the mutations of the local territorial management, which is marked by the retreat of the state, if not its marginalization, and the rise of other actors, notably municipalities, local powers and also civil society organizations.After fifteen years of reconstruction in a relatively peaceful environment spanning the years 1990 to 2004, Lebanon has experienced successive violent political events resulting from complex entangled internal and external struggles. The Syrian crisis and its political, economic and demographic consequences on Lebanon have increased these tensions. This atlas sheds light on these new challenges and adds new data that complete the analyses already published in the Atlas du Liban. Territoires et société (Atlas of Lebanon. Territories and Society) released in 2007 by the same research team. Some of its components are included in this edition. Beyond the international regional crisis and the population movements, it takes into account Lebanons socio-economic dimensions, the environmental issues linked to uncontrolled urbanization and to natural risks, as well as conflicts due to local territorial management. This atlas is the result of a collaborative endeavor between French and Lebanese researchers. It uses a geographical approach that puts in the foreground a spatial analysis of social and natural phenomena. Public sources are scarce in Lebanon, especially at the local scale. They are sometimes less reliable and difficult to access. It is particularly the case for the Lebanese census data, conversely data are abundantly available on the refugees population, which is less known than the population of refugees. International data help compare Lebanon to its neighbors. Thematic data produced by some ministries are helpful to provide a detailed view regarding specific domains. Analyses processed on aerial and satellite images have produced essential data on urbanization and environment. Local thematic fieldwork surveys have provided additional data. The book consists of seven chapters. The first one deals with the territorial state-building seen in the light of regional geopolitics, and emphasizes internal violence and the reemergence of militias and armed groups that fight each other and the state army. Lebanon is once again perceived as a territory divided between multiple allegiances. The second chapter is devoted to the analysis of population dynamics, despite the lack of reliable data whose sources are subject to discussion. It includes analyses of internal population flows, the Lebanese diaspora, and the assessment of Syrian refugees influx. The third chapter shows the fragility of the Lebanese economic model. Its dependency on foreign investments and on the remittances of the diaspora, as well as the deadlocks of industry and agriculture, which aggravate social imbalances. The fourth chapter is an assessment of urbanization in the country, which has increased by 80% in surface in twenty years at the expense of natural spaces and agriculture. The shore is highly coveted and widely artificialized and damaged. Multiple signs of environmental degradation are examined in chapter five. They seem to announce the global climate change and its local effects. In addition to that, there is a direct link between massive urbanization and many risks, measured and mapped in an increasingly detailed way. Chapter six tackles the dysfunctional public services that exploit natural resources: water and energy supply, both marked by massive shortages, and the management of solid waste hit by a serious crisis. The seventh and last chapter studies the mutations of the local territorial management, which is marked by the retreat of the state, if not its marginalization, and the rise of other actors, notably municipalities, local powers and also civil society organizations. |
Note de contenu : |
Part 1 - Lebanon: A Century of Unrest and Wars
State formation in Lebanon and regional geopolitics Territorialization of the State: A Contested Process A Country Scared by Wars Inscribed in Regional Geopolitics The Geopolitics of Lebanon in the Renewed Regional Tensions A Dysfunctional Political System A Decade of Violence Part 2 - Population and migration The Population of Lebanon: the Enigma Internal Migration and Spatial Change International Migration and the Lebanese Diaspora The Influx of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon The Integration of Refugees in Lebanon: A Highly Precarious Situation Part 3 - An Unbalanced Econoy: the Growth of Inequality Lebanon in its Sub-Region: Beyond an Average Level of Development, Tremendous Inequalities Lebanon and the Gulf Monarchies: An Increased Dependance A Predominant Banking and Financial Sector A Dynamic Yet Unbalanced Trade An Unsustainable Growth The Worrisome Growth of Inequality and Poverty Gender Equality: An Unfinished Quest A Gender and Ethnic Division of Labor Part 4 - Intense Urbanization A Strong Urbanization Thrust Rural and Natural Areas under Pressure Disputes over the Maritime Public Domain Land Dynamics in Beirut: Towers and Gentrification Part 5 - Major Environmental Issues Climate Change : Contrasted Trends? Risks (I): Forest Fire, Mass Movements and Human Activities Risks (II): Floods and Human Activities A Country Facing a High Seismic Risk A Partial Institutional Response Part 6 - Crisis-Striken Public Services Lebanon, a Water Tower? A Water Tower under Pressure A Proactive Public Policy, Results Still Pending Divise Waters Power and Energy: Dependency on Hydrocarbon, Pollution and Shortage The Eletricity Crisis The Garbage Crisis Part 7 - Territorial Governance, Urban and National Planning Urban and Land-Use Planning: A Legacy of State Intervention Top-Down Urban and Regional Planning: the Role of National-Level State Actors in the 2010s Reconstruction Efforts: New Approaches Municipalities: New Actors in Local Development Municipal Unions: The Emergence of a New Territorial Unit International cooperation to the aid of local development The downside: Patchwork and inertia |
Cote : | En ligne |
URL / DOI : | https://books.openedition.org/ifpo/13178 |